Effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of Satureja hortensis leaf on enhancing the shelf life and removing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in minced camel's meat: The role of nanotechnology in the food industry

Because herbal nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties, researchers have tried to synthesize them to aid in increasing the shelf time of food and food products. In this regard, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized by plants are particularly important. In this study, fresh and clean leaves of Satureja hortensis were selected for the synthesis of AuNPs. We also evaluated the efficacy of these nanoparticles to increase the shelf life of and remove Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes from minced camel's meat. The nanoparticles were analyzed by UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction tests. The FT-IR spectroscopy results demonstrated that the antioxidant compounds in the plant were the sources of reducing power, reducing gold ions to AuNPs. FE-SEM and TEM images revealed the size of the nanoparticles to be 22.26 nm. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for S. hortensis, AuNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene. S. hortensis and AuNPs had high cell viability dose-dependently against the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. At the beginning of the food industry part of this experiment, all samples of control, S. hortensis, and AuNPs were preserved at 4°C for 20 days. During these 20 days, the sensory, chemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed for all samples. AuNPs significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. In addition, AuNPs significantly increased the protein carbonyl content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, pH, peroxide value, total volatile base nitrogen, and sensory attributes (color, odor, and overall acceptability). The best results were seen in AuNPs (1%). These findings reveal that the inclusion of S. hortensis extract improves the solubility of AuNPs, which led to a notable enhancement in their preservative and antibacterial effects.     

Rapid separation and immunoassay for low levels of Salmonella in foods using magnetosome-antibody complex and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR

A rapid and economical method for detecting Salmonella was developed, based on a novel complex for immunomagnetic separation, which was composed of anti‐Salmonella polyclonal antibody (Ab) and magnetosome (bacterial magnetic particle, BMP) produced by the bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR‐1. BMP‐Ab complex was used to capture Salmonella from pure suspensions of S. dublin, S. enteritidis, S. aesch, S. agona, S. abony and S. bareily, from mixed suspensions of S. dublin and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and from artificially contaminated food samples. Captured Salmonella were then detected by plate count, or real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Capture efficiencies, calculated from plate count, were >80% for the pure Salmonella suspensions of all six strains, and >70% for the mixed suspension. Samples of six food products, with artificial contamination by 6000, 600, 60, or 0.6 cfu/mL S. dublin, were captured by complex and detected by real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Threshold cycle values varied depending on type of food. The lower limit of detectability was 60 cfu/mL without pre‐enrichment, and <0.6 cfu/mL after 3‐h pre‐enrichment. The method described here, based on capture pathogens by BMP‐Ab complex, is sensitive, rapid, and considerably simpler than traditional methods for Salmonella detection. It can be extended to other pathogens by the use of appropriate antibodies.     

Simple and efficient synthesis of thysanone methyl ether

The synthesis of thysanone methyl ether is achieved by employing semivioxanthin methyl ether, which in turn is prepared by the tandem Michael addition of an anion of orsellinate to a substituted dihydropyrone.     

水源性病原菌光谱检测技术研究进展

水源性病原菌污染会引发多种疾病,严重危害人类健康和公共卫生安全。水源性病原菌检测对人类医疗保健、水安全保障和疾病诊断等具有重要的意义。常规水源性病原菌检测技术,如人工培养法、分子生物法和免疫学法,其测量结果准确、有效,但样品预处理繁琐且费时,不利于病原菌实时在线检测。光谱检测技术以非侵入式获取病原菌发射、散射或吸收光谱特征,能够确定病原菌性质、结构和含量等信息。由于该技术具有易于操作、快速、便携、无损和便于实时监测等优点,在环境监测、生物分析中具有广泛的应用前景。文章介绍了现有水源性病原菌检测技术及其优缺点,指出开展病原菌快速、高效检测的必要性;讨论了光谱检测技术原理及数据分析方法,重点综述了紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和太赫兹光谱在水源性病原菌检测的工作原理和研究进展;最后总结了各技术的优缺点。提出了光谱技术在病原菌检测的实际应用中面临的挑战及应对策略,为进一步发展基于光谱技术的水源性病原菌的快速检测提供参考。     

基于在线社交网络的信息传播模型

本文构造了一个基于在线社交网络的信息传播模型.该模型考虑了节点度和传播机理的影响,结合复杂网络和传染病动力学理论,进一步建立了动力学演化方程组.该方程组刻画了不同类型节点随着时间的演化关系,反映了传播动力学过程受到网络拓扑结构和传播机理的影响.本文模拟了在线社交网络中的信息传播过程,并分析了不同类型节点在网络中的行为规律.仿真结果表明:由于在线社交网络的高度连通性,信息在网络中传播的门槛几乎为零;初始传播节点的度越大,信息越容易在网络中迅速传播;中心节点具有较大的社会影响力;具有不同度数的节点在网络中的变 关键词： 在线社交网络 信息传播 微分方程 传染病动力学     

毛细管电泳技术在疾病预防控制领域的应用、发展与挑战

自1989年出现商品化的仪器以来,毛细管电泳（CE）技术在多个应用领域都取得了长足的进步与发展,重复性和准确性方面也有很大提升。能力验证样品分析的满意结果也显示了CE具备法规要求的准确定量能力。在疾病预防控制领域（简称"疾控"）CE也展现出很多独具特色的应用,成为不可或缺的技术之一。在聚合酶链式反应产物分析、核酸序列测定、DNA变异和分型分析、食源性致病微生物分析及疫苗分析等工作中CE发挥了重要作用。应对突发疫情或公共卫生事件如食物中毒时,除了通过非靶标分析尽快锁定目标物外,还需要对大量样品做出快速而准确的分析,高通量和高灵敏的CE就十分适合解决这一问题。在公共卫生理化检验以确保食品、保健食品、特殊医学用途食品、化妆品和消毒产品等的安全中,CE也发挥了不可或缺的作用。作为一种使用较少危险化学品的环境友好方法,在需要按照标准或规范进行的疾控实验室常规检测中,CE仍受制于标准方法的缺失,未能发挥其应有的作用。但简单、快速、经济、耐用、高效的CE分离一旦与高灵敏通用检测器联用,必将更加从容地应对疾控领域中的各种挑战,发挥更大的作用。本文综述了2010~2019年CE在疾控领域的应用,分析了CE在疾控领域发展的机遇和挑战,对CE在疾控领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

加权马尔可夫链在传染病发病情况预测分析中的应用

首先基于传染病的发病情况存在大量不确定性的特点,应用有序聚类的方法建立发病人数状态的分级标准;然后针对发病人数序列为相依随机变量的特点,采取以规范化的各阶自相关系数为权重,用加权的马尔可夫链模型来预测和分析发病人数的变化状况,使预测结论的长期效果趋于最优;最后通过实例检验,对预测结果和方法进行评价和深入的分析.     

Modeling pulse infectious events irrupting into a controlled context: A SIS disease with almost periodic parameters

A new epidemic model of seasonal/cyclical pulse contagions of an infectious disease is introduced: a population with a controlled infectious disease is perturbed by a sequence of pulse infectious events arising from the specific features of the population’s behavior. The purpose of this article is to obtain an epidemic threshold which allows us to decide how a sequence of epidemic events could destabilize the previous controlled scenario and how a new endemic equilibrium appears. A threshold is obtained when supposing a set of almost periodic properties in the model.     

Global asymptotic stability of a generalized SIRS epidemic model with transfer from infectious to susceptible

In this paper, we propose a generalized SIRS epidemic model with varying total population size caused by the death rate due to the disease and transfer from infectious to susceptible, where the incidence rate employed includs a wide range of monotonic and concave incidence rates. Applying the geometric approach developed by Smith, Li and Muldowey, we prove that the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable provided that the rate of loss of immuity $\delta$ is in a critical interval $[\eta,\bar\delta)$ when the basic reproduction number $R_0$ is greater than unity.     

一类非线性连续分布时滞系统的周期正解

研究一类非线性周期连续时滞传染病模型ny′i(t)=-αi(t)yi(t)+(ci(t)-yi(t))∑j=1βij(t∫)0-TKj(s)yj(t+s)ds,i=1,2,…,n作者主要讨论了该传染病模型的周期正解的全局存在性,运用重合度延拓理论证明了该模型至少存在一个满足容许值的ω-周期正解.